Análise do tema violência nas políticas de cuidado de longa duração ao idoso / Analysis of the theme of violence in policies of long-term care for the elderly

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar e analisar na literatura nacional e internacional se e como o tema da violência é abordado nos estudos de políticas públicas de atenção ao idoso albergado em Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura publicada entre 2010 e agosto de 2016. Foram consultadas as principais bases bibliográficas utilizando-se os descritores: "idoso", "políticas públicas","instituição de longa permanência para idosos","asilo", "casa de repouso" e "ILPI", nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Analisou-se 77 artigos, sendo 12 brasileiros e 65 estrangeiros, dos quais 30 são dos Estados Unidos. A análise mostrou que muitos países possuem políticas de cuidados de longa duração que regem as modalidades dos serviços que os fornecem. Somente oito artigos abordaram a questão da violência no interior das ILPI no âmbito das políticas de proteção ao idoso e afirmam que países da América Latina e da Ásia precisam avançar nesta pauta e colocar o tema da violência contra idosos na agenda de prioridades. Nenhum artigo brasileiro abordou o tema diretamente, embora tenha ficado claro que paira sobre as ILPI a negligência institucional e outras formas de violências.

Abstract This paper aimed to identify and analyze in national and international literature whether and how the theme of violence is addressed in the studies of public policies for older adults in Long-Term Care Institutions (LTCI). We conducted an integrative review of the published literature between 2010 and August 2016. The primary bibliographic databases were consulted using descriptors "idoso", "políticas públicas", "instituição de longa permanência para idosos", "asilo", "casa de repouso" and "ILPI" in Portuguese and their equivalent in English and Spanish. A total of 77 papers were analyzed, of which 12 were Brazilian and 65 were foreign (of these, 30 were from the U.S.). The analysis showed that many countries have long-term care policies governing the modalities of service providers. Only eight works addressed the issue of violence within LTCIs within older adults' protection policies, and affirm that countries in Latin America and Asia must advance this agenda and place the issue of violence against seniors on the agenda of priorities. No Brazilian paper addressed the issue directly, although it has become clear that neglect and other forms of violence hang over Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (LTCIEs).

Equivalência semântica, conceitual e de itens do Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument / Semantic and conceptual equivalence of the observable indicatorsof Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument

Resumo As Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) são uma importante alternativa de cuidado no mundo, porém o Brasil ainda não dispõe de instrumento válido para monitorar a qualidade dessas instituições. Portanto, o objetivo do presente artigo é descrever as etapas iniciais da adaptação transcultural do Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument (IOQ) usado para avaliar a qualidade do cuidado nas ILPI. Realizou-se a equivalência conceitual e de itens para avaliar a pertinência e a viabilidade do IOQ à realidade nacional através do Índice de Validade do Conteúdo (IVC). Em seguida, cumpriu-se a equivalência operacional, a idiomática e a semântica. Esta última tem 5 fases: (1) duas traduções e (2) duas respectivas retraduções; (3) apreciação formal; (4) revisão; e (5) aplicação do pré-teste em três ILPI. Modificações importantes foram realizadas para garantir a validade do IOQ. O IVC do instrumento referentes ao contexto brasileiro foi de 94,3% (viabilidade) e 95,3% (relevância). O IOQ mostrou-se compreensível e de fácil aplicação no pré-teste. A adaptação transcultural do IOQ contribui para avaliação e melhoria da qualidade nas ILPI brasileiras, mas os resultados devem ser complementados mediante avaliação psicométrica.

Abstract Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly are an important health care alternative in the world, though Brazil does not yet have a valid instrument to monitor the quality of these institutions. This study sought to describe the initial stages of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality (OIQ) instrument used to assess the quality of care in LTCFs. Conceptual equivalence was conducted to assess the relevance and feasibility of the OIQ within the Brazilian context, using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The operational, idiomatic and semantic equivalence was then performed. This item consisted of 5 phases: (1) two translations; (2) the respective back translations; (3) formal appraisal; (4) review; and (5) application of the pre-test in three LTCFs. Significant changes were made to ensure the validity of the OIQ. The CVI instrument for the Brazilian contextwas 94.3% (viability) and 95.3% (relevance). The OIQ proved to be easy to understand and apply in the pre-test. Cross-cultural adaptation of the OIQ contributes to assessing and improving quality in Brazilian LTCFs, though the findings should be complemented by a psychometric evaluation of the instrument.

Development of an Evaluation Instrument for Service Quality in Nursing Homes

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes, and to develop an evaluation instrument for service quality. METHODS: A three-phase process was employed for the study. 1) The important factors to evaluate the service quality in nursing homes were identified through a literature review, panel discussion and focus group interview, 2) the evaluation instrument was developed, and 3) validity and reliability of the study instrument were tested by factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's Kappa. RESULTS: Factor analysis showed that the factors influencing service quality in nursing homes were healthcare, diet/assistance, therapy, environment and staff. To improve objectivity of the instrument, quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation approaches were adopted. The study instrument was developed with 30 items and showed acceptable construct validity. The criterion-related validity was a Pearson correlation coefficient of .85 in 151 care facilities. The internal consistency was Cronbach's alpha=.95. CONCLUSION: The instrument has acceptable validity and a high degree of reliability. Staff in nursing homes can continuously improve and manage their services using the results of the evaluation instrument.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Evaluation Instrument / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were; 1) to test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Rantz's Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument (ONHQ) and 2) to evaluate the quality of Korean nursing homes. METHODS: The study employed a three-phase methodological research design. 1) The original instrument of Rantz's ONHQ was translated into Korean and modified by Korean nursing home experts. 2) A pilot study using the modified instrument was done in 20 nursing homes to examine inter-rater reliability. 3) The validity and reliability were tested in 98 nursing homes. RESULTS: Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis: 'communication', 'care delivery', 'grooming', 'odor', 'environment-basics', 'environment-access', and 'environment-homelike'. These factors explained 86.07% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 30 items was .97 indicating a high internal consistency of the instrument. Inter-rater reliability according to Kappa was .82. The average score of nursing home quality was 112.07 indicating an average range of quality level. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the ONHQ was identified as a tool with a high degree of validity and reliability. This tool can be effectively used to assess the quality of nursing homes by professions as well as family members.

Investigating oral healthcare in the elderly using grounded theory / Investigando el cuidado a la salud bucal de ancianos utilizando la teoría basada en los datos / Investigando o cuidado à saúde bucal de idosos utilizando a teoria fundamentada nos dados

The present article aimed to describe the foundations and adequacy of the Grounded Theory (GT) to the construction of the substantive theory on the phenomenon of oral health care of institutionalized elderly people. GT is a methodology that allows formulating orderly abstractions from the real life data. Through this referential is possible to elaborate a relevant and functional theory in order to understand the meaning of the elderly oral health care practices. GT allowed an extensive and rich production of information codes submitted to a process of Comparative Analysis. The immersion in the actors' subjective and private view, through interviews performed with the participants, allowed by the open and flexible character of the method, permitted the formulation of comprehensive analysis categories. The text demonstrates the validity of this alternative methodology to the scientific investigation of this complex phenomenon.

El presente artículo objetiva describir las fundaciones y adecuabilidad de la Teoría Basada en los Datos (TFD) en la construcción de una teoría substantiva acerca del fenómeno del cuidado a la salud bucodental de los ancianos institucionalizados. La TFD es una metodología que permite formular abstracciones ordenadas a partir de los datos de la vida real. Utilizando ese referencial, es posible elaborar una teoría relevante y funcional para la comprensión del significado de las prácticas de cuidado a la salud bucodental del anciano. La TFD hizo posible una producción extensa y rica de códigos informacionales sometidos a un proceso de Análisis Comparativo. Esa inmersión en la visión subjetiva y particular de los actores, a través de las entrevistas con los participantes, y propiciada por el carácter abierto y flexible del método, creó las condiciones para la formulación amplias categorías de análisis. El artículo demuestra la validad de la aplicación de esta metodología alternativa para la investigación científica de este fenómeno complejo.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever os fundamentos e adequabilidade da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD) na construção de teoria substantiva sobre o fenômeno do cuidado com a saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados. A TFD é metodologia que permite formular abstrações ordenadas a partir dos dados recolhidos da vida real. Segundo esse referencial, é possível elaborar uma teoria relevante e funcional para a compreensão do significado das práticas de cuidado com a saúde bucal do idoso. A TFD possibilitou produção extensa e rica de códigos informacionais submetidos a um processo de Análise Comparativa. Essa imersão na visão subjetiva e particular dos atores envolvidos, por meio das entrevistas realizadas com os participantes e propiciada pelo caráter aberto e flexível do método, criou condições para formulação de categorias de análise abrangentes. O texto demonstra a validade da aplicação dessa metodologia alternativa para a investigação científica desse fenômeno complexo.

Development and Application of Nursing Service Quality Indicators in Nursing Homes / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to develop Nursing Service Quality Indicators(NSQIs) in nursing homes that would lead to an appropriate evaluation and improvement of nursing service quality. METHODS: The preliminary NSQIs were developed through literature reviews and analysis of existing quality indicators. A content validity testing was done twice by using a panel of experts who were from academia and the clinical areas. The final NSQIs were confirmed and applied in three nursing homes to test feasibility. RESULTS: The preliminary NSQIs had 4 domains and 31 indicators. Two content validity testings were performed. The indicators scoring over .80 CVI for each testing were selected and modified by experts' opinions. The final NSQIs consisted of7 domains and 33 indicators. They were applied in three nursing homes and it was revealed that all the indicators were applicable. CONCLUSION: In this study, it is shown that this new 'Nursing Service Quality Indicators in Nursing Homes' is suitable for a holistic evaluation of nursing service quality of elderly patients in nursing homes. This NSQIs will be able to provide a basis for establishing nursing care standards and improving the nursing care quality in nursing homes.

Manual Administrativo Financiero para la Organización y Funcionamiento de las Casas Maternas / Financial Administrative manual for the Organization and Operation of the Maternal Houses

El presente documento constituye el Manual Administrativo Financiero para la Organización y Funcionamiento de las Casas Maternas que reciben financiamiento subsidiario del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA-FONSALUD. En el mismo se describen las normas y procedimientos administrativos y financieros que deben utilizar las Casas Maternas para asegurar el control interno de los recursos económicos. Este Manual pretende ser un instrumento que contribuya a la Administración eficiente de los recursos financieros en las Casas Maternas (CAM) asegurando el uso racional y eficiente de los mismo. Facilita el registro y control de las operaciones administrativas financieras, que realizan las Casas Maternas; estandariza las normas y los procedimientos administrativos financieros utilizados por las Casas Maternas para la administración de los desembolsos que reciben del MINSA-FONSALUD.

Prevalence of tuberculin reacting and prevalence of risk factors for the development of active tuberculosis in a nursing home in Puerto Rico

A total of 91 nursing home patients were evaluated to determine the prevalence of tuberculous infection and the prevalence of risk factors for active TB in those with positive tuberculin reactions. Overall prevalence rate for positive PPD was 42.9 percent No association was found between revalence of positive PPD and time since admission to the nursing home. The most prevalent risk factors for active TB among PPD positive patients were diabetes mellitus (38.5percent), being 10 percent below ideal body weight (25.6 percent), chest X ray with fibrotic changes (13.2 percent), and carcinoma of oropharynx (5.1 percent). Twenty-one patients (53.8 percent) of patients with positive test) met criteria for prophylactic treatment with isoniazid. This study detected a high prevalence of positive PPD reactions in this nursing home population and a high prevalence of risk factors for the development of active TB in the group with positive reaction to PPD. Due to the high risk for the development of active tuberculosis in this population, aggressive screening and preventive therapy are mandatory

Idoso: encargo ou patrimônio? O envelhecer em Säo Paulo / The aged: duty or patrimony? To age in Säo Paulo

Apresenta os programas de atençäo à saúde do idoso para o município de Säo Paulo, aborda a legislaçäo sanitária e discute o envelhecimento da populaçäo (AMSB)